Roles of DA , DBA , Database Designer , Application Developers and Users

 


Roles of Data Administrator(DA) , Database Administrator (DBA) , Database Designer , Application Developers and Users



Here i will explain all peoples who are involved in DBMS in two parts 

Actors on the scene
Workers behind the scene .



Actors on the scene



Roles of Data Administrator


The Data Administrator (DA) is responsible for the management of the data resource including database planning, development and maintenance of standards, policies and procedures, and conceptual/logical database design. 

The DA consults with and advises senior managers, ensuring that the direction of database development will ultimately support corporate objectives.

  • "Person in the organization who controls the data of the database refers data administrator."
  • DA determines what data to be stored in database based on requirement of the organization.
  • DA works on such as requirements gathering, analysis, and design phases.
  • DA does not to be a technical person, any kind of knowledge about database technology can be more beneficiary
  • DA is some senior level person in the organization. in short, DA is a business focused person but should understand about the database technology.

Roles of Database Administrator

A Database Administrator is a person or a group of person who are responsible for managing all the activities related to database system. This job requires a high level of expertise by a person or group of person. There are very rare chances that only a single person can manage all the database system activities so companies always have a group of people who take care of database system.

Installing and Configuration of database: DBA is responsible for installing the database software. He configure the software of database and then upgrades it if needed. There are many database software like oracle, Microsoft SQL and MySQL in the industry so DBA decides how the installing and configuring of these database software will take place.

The Database Administrator (DBA) is responsible for the physical realization of the database, including physical database design and implementation, security and integrity control, maintenance of the operational system, and ensuring satisfactory performance of the applications for users. 

The role of the DBA is more technically oriented than the role of the DA, requiring detailed knowledge of the target DBMS and the system environment. 

In some organizations there is no distinction between these two roles; in others, the importance of the corporate resources is reflected in the allocation of teams of staff dedicated to each of these roles.

1. Deciding the hardware device

Depending upon the cost, performance and efficiency of the hardware, it is DBA who have the duty of deciding which hardware devise will suit the company requirement. It is hardware that is an interface between end users and database so it needed to be of best quality.

2. Managing Data Integrity

Data integrity should be managed accurately because it protects the data from unauthorized use. DBA manages relationship between the data to maintain data consistency.

3. Decides Data Recovery and Back up method

If any company is having a big database, then it is likely to happen that database may fail at any instance. It is require that a DBA takes backup of entire database in regular time span. DBA has to decide that how much data should be backed up and how frequently the back should be taken. Also the recovery of data base is done by DBA if they have lost the database.

4. Tuning Database Performance

Database performance plays an important role for any business. If user is not able to fetch data speedily then it may loss company business. So by tuning an modifying sql commands a DBA can improves the performance of database.

5. Capacity Issues

All the databases have their limits of storing data in it and the physical memory also has some limitations. DBA has to decide the limit and capacity of database and all the issues related to it.

6. Database design

The logical design of the database is designed by the DBA. Also a DBA is responsible for physical design, external model design, and integrity control.

7. Database accessibility

DBA writes subschema to decide the accessibility of database. He decides the users of the database and also which data is to be used by which user. No user has to power to access the entire database without the permission of DBA.

8. Decides validation checks on data

DBA has to decide which data should be used and what kind of data is accurate for the company. So he always puts validation checks on data to make it more accurate and consistence.

9. Monitoring performance

If database is working properly then it doesn’t mean that there is no task for the DBA. Yes f course, he has to monitor the performance of the database. A DBA monitors the CPU and memory usage.

10. Decides content of the database

A database system has many kind of content information in it. DBA decides fields, types of fields, and range of values of the content in the database system. One can say that DBA decides the structure of database files.

11. Provides help and support to user

If any user needs help at any time then it is the duty of DBA to help him. Complete support is given to the users who are new to database by the DBA.

12. Database implementation

Database has to be implemented before anyone can start using it. So DBA implements the database system. DBA has to supervise the database loading at the time of its implementation.

13. Improve query processing performance

Queries made by the users should be performed speedily. As we have discussed that users need fast retrieval of answers so DBA improves query processing by improving their performance.

So these were the Role, Duties and Responsibilities of database Administrator( DBA). If you liked them then please share then with your friends.


Roles of Database Designer


In large database design projects, we can distinguish between two types of designer: logical database designers and physical database designers. 

The logical database designer is concerned with identifying the data (that is, the entities and attributes), the relationships between the data, and the constraints on the data that is to be stored in the database.

The logical database designer must have a thorough and complete understanding of the organization’s data and any constraints on this data (the constraints are sometimes called business rules). These constraints describe the main characteristics of the data as viewed by the organization.

To be effective, the logical database designer must involve all prospective database users in the development of the data model, and this involvement should begin as early in the process as possible. In this book, we split the work of the logical database designer into two stages:

Conceptual database design, which is independent of implementation details such as the target DBMS, application programs, programming languages, or any other physical considerations.

Logical database design, which targets a specific data model, such as relational, network, hierarchical, or object-oriented.

The physical database designer decides how the logical database design is to be physically realized. This involves:

  • Mapping the logical database design into a set of tables and integrity constraints
  • Selecting specific storage structures and access methods for the data to achieve good performance Designing any security measures required on the data
The physical database designer must be capable of selecting a suitable storage strategy that takes account of usage. Whereas conceptual and logical database design are concerned with the what, physical database design is concerned with the how .



Roles of Application Developer


Once the database has been implemented, the application programs that provide the required functionality for the end-users must be implemented. This is the responsibility of the application developers. 

Typically, the application developers work from a specification produced by systems analysts. Each program contains statements that request the DBMS to perform some operation on the database. 

This includes retrieving data, inserting, updating, and deleting data. The programs may be written in a third-generation programming language or a fourth-generation language, as discussed in the previous section.



Roles of End Users


Casual End users

These users occasionally access the database , but they may need different information each time . They use a sophisticated database query language to specify their requests and are typically middle or high - level managers or other occasional browers .


Naive or Parametric end users

These make up a sizable portion of database end users . Their main job function revolves around constantly querying and updating the database , using standard types of queries and updates called Canned Transactions that have been carefully programmed and tested . 

The tasks that such users perform varied :

Bank tellers check account balances and post withdrawals and deposits .

Reservation clerks for airlines , hotels and car rental companies check availability for a given request and make reservations .


Sophisticated end users

They include engineers , scientists , business analysts and others who thoroughly familiarize themselves with the facilities of the DBMS so as to implement their applications to meet their complex requirements .


Stand alone users

They maintain personal databases by using ready made program packages that provide easy to use menu based or graphics based interface .

An example is the user of a tax package that stores a variety of personal financial data for tax purposes .






Workers behind the scene





Tool Developers

They include persons who design and implement tools - the software packages that facilitate database system design and use and that help improve performance .

Tools are optional packages that are often purchased separately .

They include packages for database design , performance monitoring , natural language or graphical interfaces , prototyping , simulation and test data generation .

In many cases , independent software vendors develop and market these tools .

Operators and maintenance personnel

They are system administration personnel who are responsible for the actual running and maintenance of the hardware and software environment for the database system .


System designers and Implementers 

These are persons who design and implement the DBMS modules and interfaces as a software packages .

A  DBMS is a very complex software system that consists of many components or modules including modules for implementing the catalog , processing query language , processing the interface , accessing and buffering data , controlling concurrency and handling data recovery and security .

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